The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest ocean in the world, spanning an area of approximately 41 million square miles (106 million square kilometers). It separates the continents of North and South America from Europe and Africa. The ocean's name is derived from the ancient Greek god Atlas, who was said to hold the celestial spheres on his shoulders.
Surface area
85,133,000 km2 (32,870,000 sq mi)
North Atlantic: 41,490,000 km2 (16,020,000 sq mi),
South Atlantic 40,270,000 km2 (15,550,000 sq mi)[3]
Average depth
3,646 m (11,962 ft)
Max. depth
Puerto Rico Trench
8,376 m (27,480 ft)
Water volume
310,410,900 km3 (74,471,500 cu mi)[3]
Shore length1
111,866 km (69,510 mi) including marginal seas
The Atlantic Ocean is known for its vast expanse and diverse ecosystems. It is home to a wide array of marine life, including various species of fish, mammals, and invertebrates. The ocean's rich biodiversity supports important ecosystems such as coral reefs, seagrass beds, and kelp forests.
One of the most prominent features of the Atlantic Ocean is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a massive underwater mountain range that runs through its center. This ridge marks the boundary between the Eurasian and North American tectonic plates and is responsible for the creation of new oceanic crust through volcanic activity.
The Atlantic Ocean has played a significant role in human history and exploration. It served as a crucial trade route during the Age of Exploration, connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Numerous historic voyages and discoveries were made in the Atlantic, including Christopher Columbus's first transatlantic voyage in 1492.
The ocean's weather patterns and currents have a profound influence on global climate. The Gulf Stream, for example, is a powerful warm current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and flows across the Atlantic, affecting the climate of both North America and Europe.
In recent years, the Atlantic Ocean has faced various environmental challenges, including pollution, overfishing, and climate change. Rising sea temperatures and ocean acidification pose threats to marine life and delicate ecosystems. Efforts are being made to protect and conserve the ocean through initiatives such as marine protected areas, sustainable fishing practices, and reducing plastic pollution.
Overall, the Atlantic Ocean holds great importance as a vital component of Earth's interconnected systems. Its vastness, beauty, and ecological significance continue to captivate scientists, explorers, and nature enthusiasts alike.